Businessman Artur Shehu breaks his silence: I am a long-time land owner in Zvërnec, I don't know the investors at all
Albanian businessman Artur Shehu spoke on the Opinion show...
Albanian businessman Artur Shehu spoke on the Opinion show...

Nuclear scientist Sigfried S. Hecker, 79, is one of the defining figures of the United States' nuclear program. For 34 years, he conducted research at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the first nuclear weapon was developed in the early 1940s as part of the Manhattan Project.
During the years 1986-1997, Hecker was the director of the institute and the fourth successor of Robert Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb". He is currently a part-time professor of practice, nuclear engineering at Texas A&M University.
Since the attack in Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin has threatened to use nuclear weapons and suspended the latest disarmament treaty signed with the US. North Korea and Iran are expanding their nuclear weapons programs, and China is planning to triple its strategic nuclear arsenal. Which of these developments do you consider the most dangerous?
Of course, the biggest and most immediate concern is the possible use of nuclear weapons by Russia in Ukraine. Putin's threats seem aimed primarily at discouraging the West. But because they are nuclear, they must be taken seriously. But the far greater danger is the combination of all these developments. What worried me most after the invasion of Ukraine is its impact on the world nuclear order. My fear is that Putin has destroyed this order.
Why?
The nuclear order of the last decades rested on 4 pillars. The first is what some people call the nuclear taboo. Since 1945, when these completely new weapons were first developed, and then used, no nuclear weapon has been used in war. This is an amazing thing, but it did not happen by chance. It was the result of an order that has evolved over decades. Many countries, including the US and the Soviet Union, wanted to ensure that nuclear weapons were never used, and they were not.
But tens of thousands of such weapons were built since then, of which 12,500 remained after the end of the Cold War. And now their numbers are growing again...
This brings us to the second pillar of that order, that of nuclear proliferation. Robert Oppenheimer feared that many countries would acquire nuclear weapons after seeing its power. In fact, today less than 10 countries have nuclear weapons. And this is a remarkable achievement, which is not only the result of a treaty, but of an entire non-proliferation regime, of a series of agreements, security guarantees and institutions such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
What about the third pillar?
It is nuclear terrorism. To date, we have not seen a mushroom or radioactive cloud rise from the detonation of such a bomb by a terrorist organization. When you consider how much nuclear and radiological material there is in the world, even this is remarkable. How could it happen? The Soviet Union and the United States worked together against the potential of nuclear terrorism.
The fourth pillar of the global nuclear order is at the other end of the spectrum, the good that comes from nuclear power. Unlike chemical reactions, nuclear reactions generate millions of times more energy, which can be used both for good and for evil. More than 10 percent of the world's energy is produced by nuclear power. About 40 million people benefit from nuclear medicine, either in diagnosis or treatment.
Si i rrezikon pushtimi rus i Ukrainës këto 4 shtylla të rendit bërthamor?
Epo, ajo zbulon themelin e besimit që na lejoi të jetonim me rrezikun bërthamor. Kërcënon zgjerimin paqësor të energjisë bërthamore dhe e rrezikon konsensusin që parandaloi përdorimin e armëve bërthamore, përhapjen e tyre dhe terrorizmin bërthamor.
A ju befasoi pezullimi i Traktatit New START nga Putin?
Jo. Ai traktati u nënshkrua në vitin 2010 kur president ishte Dimitri Medvedev. Kur Putin u rikthye në detyrë, rusët bënë hapa prapa në pothuajse çdo marrëveshje bërthamore. Gjithsesi deri më tani, Putini vetëm e ka pezulluar New START. Nëse tërhiqet, atëherë rusët nuk do të qëndronin vetëm me 1550 armë strategjike.
Nëse kjo ndodh, a do të përballemi me një garë bërthamore të pakontrolluar si në vitet 1950?
Është e mundur. Sigurisht, kjo nuk është në dëshirën e qeverisë amerikane. Ne nuk kemi ndërtuar armë bërthamore me aftësi të reja që kur këtë vendim e mori presidenti Xhorxh H.W. Bush në vitin 1992. Arsyet ekonomike priren të flasin kundër një rikthimi në situatën e viteve 1950-1960. As SHBA dhe as Rusia nuk duan t’i ngarkojnë ekonomitë e tyre me një garë të madhe armatimesh.
Por ndryshe nga SHBA-ja dhe Rusia, Kina nuk ka qenë kurrë e detyruar nga një traktat çarmatimi dhe Pekini s’ka ndërmend ta ndryshojë këtë. Përkundrazi, në tetorin e vitit të kaluar presidentit kinez Xi Jinping deklaroi se vendi i tij do të ndërtonte në të ardhmen “një sistem të fortë të parandalimit strategjik”.
Kina aktualisht ka mbi 400 armë bërthamore. Pentagoni vlerëson se numri i tyre mund të rritet në 1.000 deri në vitin 2030 dhe 1.500 deri në vitin 2035. Po ashtu arsenali i raketave balistike kineze - i pakufizuar nga asnjë traktat - është tashmë më i madhi në botë.
Atëherë nuk do të kishte më 2 por 3 fuqi të mëdha bërthamore. Si do ta ndryshojë kjo dinamikën e parandalimit?
Dinamika e parandalimit u zhvillua për dy kundërshtarë, dhe ne nuk e dimë se si do të jetë në një skemë me 3. Në SHBA, shumë ekspertë presin që Kina dhe Rusia të bashkëpunojnë midis tyre për të krijuar një bllok kundër amerikanëve. Por unë mendoj se kjo nuk ka gjasa të ndodhë. Ajo që dëgjoj nga bashkëbiseduesit e mi kinezë dhe rusë, sugjeron se Kina do të vazhdojë të ndjekë qëllimet e saj kombëtare dhe Rusia të sajat. Pra, mendoj se do të kemi 3 qendra të veçanta bërthamore. Se si do të lidhen ato me njëra-tjetrën, kjo do të jetë shumë e ndërlikuar.
Dhe si duhet të pozicionohet Evropa në këtë plejadë të re?
Europeans and Americans are united on this issue. Russia's invasion of Ukraine created a unity between them that seemed threatened, especially under President Trump. European countries are diverse, and each has specific relationships with China and Russia, especially on the economic front. But ultimately, I see the European and American visions aligned with where they should be vis-à-vis the rest of the world.
Taken with abbreviations/ Adapted from CNA.al
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