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The German military (Bundeswehr) has more than 108 billion euros at its disposal this year - a large and unprecedented sum. The military is financed from the current federal budget and from special funds for which the state borrows.
With this money, the Bundeswehr, which has been underfunded for decades, should be made war-ready again. This should happen as soon as possible, as the federal government fears that Russia could be capable of launching an attack on NATO member territory as early as 2029.
What does the Bundeswehr buy with its billions? And how does rapid armament work?
Combat drones for the first time for the Bundeswehr
For a long time, there was no political majority for the purchase of combat drones. But the war in Ukraine, in which drones are a decisive factor, has led to a change of mind in Germany. For the first time in its history, the German army will order several thousand combat drones this year.
The order has been given priority to new technology companies: the startups Stark Defense from Berlin and Helsing from Munich will each receive an order worth up to 300 million euros. The prototypes of the competitor Rheinmetall have not convinced the Bundeswehr authorities.
Kamikaze drones, known in technical jargon as "walking munitions," will be purchased. The drones, equipped with a missile warhead, crash into their target and self-destruct in the process. Among other things, these drones will be equipped with a Bundeswehr brigade in Lithuania, which is being created to better protect NATO's eastern flank.
Defense against drones and laser weapons
The Bundeswehr also has shortcomings in its defense against drones. This must be solved by combining different defenses. The spectrum ranges from electronic jamming devices to the Skyranger 30 armored anti-aircraft vehicle, which can also neutralize swarms of drones.
The Skyranger, manufactured by the Rheinmetall concern, is particularly important because there are increasingly suspicious drone flights over Germany, including over Bundeswehr facilities. But it may not be ready for use until 2028. The Skyranger will become the main weapon system of the Bundeswehr's newly formed anti-aircraft unit. This unit was disbanded in 2012 because it was deemed no longer needed.
A new laser weapon is planned for anti-drone defense, primarily important for the Navy. Specifically, ships have limited capacity to store ammunition, and laser weapons only need electricity. Such a laser weapon for anti-drone defense, developed by the companies Rheinmetall and MBDA, has already passed the testing phase in the Navy. It is now also on the Bundeswehr procurement list.
Porosi edhe tek prodhuesit amerikanë
Edhe pse Bundeswehri blen kryesisht pajisjet e saj të reja nga prodhuesit gjermanë dhe evropianë të armëve, disa kontrata të mëdha janë lidhur edhe me koncernet amerikane. Për shembull, ajo për aeroplanin luftarak F-35A, i cili konsiderohet avioni luftarak më modern në botë. Qeveria gjermane porositi 35 copë nga gjigandi amerikan i mbrojtjes Lockheed Martin. Kostoja e të gjithë paketës, duke përfshirë armët dhe pjesët rezervë: gati dhjetë miliardë euro.
Një nga arsyet e zgjedhjes: F-35 mund të armatoset me bomba bërthamore amerikane në rast emergjence. Ky rol më parë luhej nga avionët Tornado të Bundeswehrit, të cilët së shpejti do të tërhiqen nga shërbimi për shkak të vjetërsisë së tyre. Flota gjermane F-35 bëhet kështu pjesë e ombrellës bërthamore të NATO-s mbi Evropën.
Përveç kësaj, Bundeswehri po blen edhe 60 helikopterë të rëndë transporti CH-47 Chinook nga koncerni amerikan Boeing. Në Evropë, thonë ekspertët, nuk ka produkt konkurrues me aftësi të tilla. Çmimi: 7.3 miliardë euro.
Nga Boeing vjen avioni i zbulimit detar P-8A Poseidon, i cili falë teknologjisë më moderne të sensorëve mund të monitorojë zona të mëdha detare dhe të zbulojë nëndetëse. Kopja e parë iu dorëzua Marinës Gjermane në vjeshtë. Sipas Ministrit të Mbrojtjes Boris Pistorius (SPD), ky avion mund të jetë kontributi i Gjermanisë për mbikëqyrje më të mirë të ujërave përreth Groenlandës, si pjesë e misionit të NATO-s.
Lajm për Bundeswehrin: projekti Uranos KI
Sistemet moderne të armëve nuk mund të imagjinohen më pa inteligjencën artificiale (IA). Se sa shumë po rritet rëndësia e saj, tregohet nga projekti Uranos KI, i cili do të pajisë brigadën Bundeswehr në Lituani.
Në krahun lindor të NATO-s, zona të mëdha duhet të monitorohen me saktësi ku futet në përdorim sistemi UI. Ai duhet të ndihmojë në analizimin e sasive të mëdha të të dhënave të mbledhura nga sensorë të ndryshëm. Kjo, për shembull, mund të lehtësojë zbulimin e dronëve armik. Detajet e projektit mbahen sekret nga Ministria e Mbrojtjes për arsye të mira.
Fregata F126: probleme me një projekt prestigjioz
Rasti i fregatës F126 tregon se jo të gjitha projektet e mëdha të kushtueshme ecin gjithmonë mirë. Pasi projektimi i anijes më të madhe luftarake të Marinës u prit me entuziazëm, zhgënjimi u shfaq shpejt gjatë ndërtimit. Kontraktori kryesor, kantieri holandez i anijeve Damen Naval, dështoi të zbatonte planet. Sipas raporteve të medias, rreth 1.8 miliardë euro janë investuar tashmë në F126. Projekti mund të kthehet në "gropë të miliardave", kanë frikë politikanët e opozitës.
Tani kompania gjermane Naval Vessels Lürssen (NVL) duhet të marrë përsipër projektin dhe të shpëtojë atë që është ende e mundur. Por, meqenëse marina ka nevojë urgjente për fregata të reja për shkak të angazhimeve të NATO-s, po planifikohet një zgjidhje kalimtare.
The Bundeswehr wants to buy additional MEKO A-200 frigates from TKMS, Germany's largest warship manufacturer. Since this model is already built for export, the plans are complete. But even this "transitional solution" certainly costs extra, the Bundestag already approved an additional 7.8 billion euros for it last year.
New uniforms for future soldiers
Even for new uniforms and personal equipment, the Bundestag approved a large sum at the end of last year - for a total of 460,000 soldiers. Critics have asked whether this is excessive, since the Bundeswehr currently has only about 184,000 members. But the number of soldiers must be increased significantly, including reserves, to 460,000 men and women. This may take years, but uniforms will be available in sufficient numbers anyway. When new soldiers join the service, "we can't just put them in sweatpants," explained Defense Minister Boris Pistorius. /DW
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