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Spain and Ireland are two countries that have promoted the initiative of recognition of Palestine as a state by other EU countries. This is being joined by other states that have different ties to the Palestinians.
Diplomatically, May 2024 should go down as an extremely successful month in Palestinian history. The UN General Assembly in a vote approved expanded rights for Palestinians at the United Nations. Only the right to vote is now lacking for the Palestinians for full membership. Now they are facing another important diplomatic step. Five European countries are ready to officially recognize Palestine as a sovereign state. This recognition reflects, on the one hand, solidarity with the civilian population in the Gaza Strip. On the other hand, this step is considered as positioning in favor of a two-state solution to the Middle East conflict, a solution that the current right-wing government of Israel rejects.
After the terrorist attack by Hamas on October 7, 2023 in Israel, the Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu announced as the objective of the war the annihilation of the Islamist militant organization that rules the Gaza Strip, but due to the harsh Israeli operation, which according to Palestinian data has caused the death of more than 35,000 civilians, as well as a catastrophic humanitarian situation, the pressure on Israel has increased significantly everywhere in the world. Spain: fair mediator in the Middle East?
Spain and Ireland want to further increase the pressure on Israel by recognizing Palestine. The Spanish Prime Minister, Pedro Sanchez, has held many talks with European partners about this. Because of Germany's refusal, he prepared plans for a coalition of the willing. The EU's foreign policy chief, Josep Borrell, has announced Spain, Ireland and Slovenia's plans for May 21.
Spain has close ties with many Arab countries, including Turkey. In part, these ties have remained since the time of Franco's dictatorship (1939-1975), which in the years after the Second World War preserved the country's economic and political isolation between the West and the East. After the fall of the Franco dictatorship in 1975, Spain established economic relations with Israel, followed by the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1986. In the following years, Spain emerged as a trusted mediator between the Israeli state and the Arab world. A conference in 1991 that took place in Madrid is considered the prologue of the Oslo peace process between the Palestinians and the Israelis.
Ireland: Solidarity for historical reasons
Edhe Irlanda është shfaqur si mbështetëse e fortë e palestinezëve që në ditët e para të luftës në Rripin e Gazës. Kur mori detyrën në mesin e prillit, kryeministri i ri, Simon Harris, ishte spanjolli Sanchez ishte kreu i parë i qeverisë që vizitoi Dublinin dhe një hap i përbashkët ishte tema kryesore e takimit. Qeveria irlandeze ngre lart për vete faktin, që angazhohet më gjatë se çdo vend i tjetër i BE për zgjidhjen me dy shtete në konfliktin izraelito-palestinez. Identifikimi i fortë i Irlandës me Palestinën i ka gjurmët në historinë e vendit: Ai fillon me funksionarin britanik, Arthur Balfour, që në shekullin e 19-të, ishte përgjegjës për kolonializimin e Irlandës nga Mbretëria britanike dhe ia mohoi të drejtën e vetëadministrimit. Në vitin 1917, Balfour ndërkohë në postin e ministrit të Jashtëm britanik ishte krijues i deklaratës me të njëjtin emër Deklarat Balfour, në të cilën ai mbështet idën e një vatre për hebrenjtë në Palestinën e atëhershme të kontrolluar nga Perandoria Osmane. Pasi ky rajon pak më vonë u bë protektorat britanik, shërbyen aty shumë xhandarë që më parë kishin luftuar si grupim paramilitarist "Black and Tans" kundër kryengritësve irlandezë. Kthimi i hebrenjve në Lindjen e Mesme kryesisht myslimane në Irlandën katolike u krahasua me vendosjen e protestantëve britanikë në veriun e ishullit irlandez. Konfliktin që rezultoi më pas si konflikti i Irlandës së Veriut disa irlandezë e lidhin me konfliktin në Lindjen e Mesme.
Mbështetje nga Sllovenia, Malta, Norvegjia - pozicione të ndryshme brenda BE
Për të çuar përpara projektin e njohjes së Palestinës, Spanja dhe Irlanda kanë tërhequr në koalicionin e të vullnetshmëve edhe vende të tjera. Sllovenia psh. ka bërë të ditur perspektivën e njohjes së Palestinës deri në mesin e qershorit. Edhe anëtarja tjetër e BE, Malta e ka bërë të ditur njohjen si shtet palestinez. Norvegjia është një vend tjetër që është duke menduar njohjen e Palestinës "gjatë pranverës". Në prill në Këshillin e Sigurimit të OKB-së u zhvillua një votim për anëtarësimin e plotë palestinez në OKB, por ai dështoi për shkak të vetos amerikane. Brenda BE deri tani Palestinën e njohin disa vende të Europës Qendrore e Lindore. Njohjet janë të lidhura me kohën e socializmit, gjatë së cilës kishte lidhje ideologjike me kreun e PLO, lëvizjes palestineze, Jaser Arafat. Disa nga këto vende, si Çekia dhe Hungaria sot konsiderohen si mbështetëse të Izraelit, megjithëse mbajnë lidhje diplomatike me palestinezët. I pari dhe i vetmi vend që e ka njohur Palestinën si shtet pas hyrjes në BE ka qenë Suedia në vitin 2014.
Nuk dihet nëse koalicioni spanjollo-irlandez do të zgjerohet më tej. Në Belgjikë qeveria ende është e pavendosur. Portugalia pas ndërrimit të qeverisë në favor të qeverisë konservatore ka hequr dorë nga këto plane.
Other countries like Germany have relations with the Palestinian Authority, but they want to recognize Palestine as a state, only when Israel recognizes it. But as long as Hamas is a political factor in the Palestinian areas, since many countries, even the EU and the USA, categorize it as a terrorist organization, such a step is considered impossible./ DW
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