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Bomb threats, attack reports, anti-Semitic insults and a heated atmosphere: The consequences of the Middle East conflict are also felt in German schools. A survey by the Vollbild research platform of the German public service SWR, carried out in the Ministries of the Interior and Education in the states, shows that in Germany there is a visible radicalization of students as well as an increase in the number of extremist incidents in schools. But also that there are more and more reports of a tense atmosphere in the classrooms. Thus, the Hessen Ministry of Education reports a significant increase: Since 2018, 15 incidents with Islamic motifs have been recorded in schools, of which 14 in 2023. Of these, 11 cases were linked "in time and subject matter". with the Hamas terrorist attack on Israel. Six reports refer to anonymous bomb threats to schools in Hesse. However, the number of incidents in 2024 has again decreased compared to 2023.
"More tense and hot atmosphere"
The Ministry of Education in Rhineland Palatinate announced that it cannot be overlooked that the atmosphere is "more tense and hotter" than it has been. Although there has been no increase in incidents, there have been individual threats to attack schools, in context of the conflict in the Middle East, Schleswig-Holstein notes a "slight increase in Islamist-motivated activities occurring in schools." Other states report individual cases of radicalization.
The Ministry of the Interior of Brandenburg writes that "the conflict in the Middle East will continue to be a cause of mobilization and a kind of catalyst..." At the same time, it seems that there are also differences between the states. Berlin emphasizes that the situation in schools was initially "tense" , but now it has calmed down again – "according to the circumstances". Several states did not respond to reporters' questions or stated that they do not record Islamic incidents in schools.
Haldenwang: The conflict in the Middle East as a "catalyst"
Current data from the Federal Office against Crime show that October 7, 2023 and the Israeli counterattack in Gaza had a strong impact on Germany: After that, 4,368 crimes with an anti-Semitic background were recorded in 2023. More than half followed the October 7 attack on Israel by Hamas and the subsequent war in Gaza. For comparison, in 2022, BKA recorded only 61 such crimes. That's more than a seventy-fold increase. The president of Germany's Federal Office for the Protection of Constitutional Order, Thomas Haldenwang, notes a similar development and says: "The conflict in the Middle East acted as a catalyst for anti-Semitism in Germany."
Mësuesit dhe punonjësit socialë vërejnë çdo ditë ndjeshmërinë e të rinjve ndaj ideve islamike. Kështu disa studentë, për shembull, e quajtën Hamasin një "lëvizje për liri" ose kërkuan klasa të ndara për djemtë dhe vajzat.
Një ish-mësuese nga Renania Veriore-Vestfalia raporton për përvojat e saj me nxënësit e radikalizuar: "Sipas mendimit të tyre, vajzat dhe djemtë duhet të kenë mësime të ndara, dhe ata gjithashtu mendojnë se mësimet e notit nuk janë të mira për vajzat". Nga një moshë e caktuar, vajzat duhet të rrinë në shtëpi dhe të përgatiten për rolin e gruas – këto ishin deklaratat e nxënësve.” Madje njëra, shton kjo mësuese, nuk pranoi të fliste me një nxënës tjetër, duke shpjeguar: "Unë nuk flas me të, ai është i krishterë”.
Shai Hoffmann është një punonjës social dhe aktivist. Që prej 7 tetorit, së bashku me një koleg palestinez, ai ka vizituar shkollat ??për të folur me nxënësit për emocionet e tyre, të cilat shkaktohen nga konflikti në Lindjen e Mesme. "Ne në fakt po përpiqemi të shuajmë një zjarr të madh me një zjarrfikës të vogël”, thotë Hoffmann. Mësuesit shpesh janë të mbingarkuar nga situata dhe rrallëherë janë në gjendje të mbështesin nxënësit në situata të tilla të jashtëzakonshme.
Ndikuesit islamikë përdorin turmën
Krahas emocionalizimit të fortë për shkak të konfliktit në Lindjen e Mesme, të cilin Hoffmann e vëren te studentët, hulumtimi i Vollbild tregon gjithashtu, se ekziston një rrezik i madh nga predikuesit dhe ndikuesit islamikë. Ky është zhvillimi i situatës, të cilën Shërbimi për Mbrojtjen e Rendit Kushtetues po e ndjek me shqetësim: "Rreziku i mundshëm që paraqesin influencuesit islamikë për të rinjtë, të cilët janë aktivë në rrjetet sociale, është i madh”, thotë Martin Horbach, kreu i departamentit për islamizmin në Shërbimin për Mbrojtjen e Rendit Kushtetues të Baden-Württemberg.
Drejtori i Zyrës për Mbrojtjen e Kushtetutës në Berlin, Michael Fischer, gjithashtu vë në dukje nivelin e ri të rrezikut nga grupet islamike: "Ajo që është e re tani është fokusi dhe shtrirja që këto grupe mund të arrijnë. Dhe e gjithë kjo është drejtpërdrejt e lidhur me konfliktin në Lindjen e Mesme dhe ngjarjet pas sulmit të tmerrshëm nga Hamasi ndaj Izraelit më 7 tetor të vitit të kaluar”.
Se sa potencialisht e rrezikshme është kjo, tregon një eksperiment i kryer nga studiuesi i ekstremizmit Navid Wali nga "Violence Prevention Network" së bashku me platformën kërkimore Vollbild. Ajo tregon qartë se sa shpejt një i mitur, i cili është i interesuar për çështje fetare, islame, bie në kontakt me përmbajtje radikale islamike në aplikacione të tilla si TikTok.
"The first contact, of course, is never through extremist content, but through theological offerings, which at first glance seem unproblematic and harmless," Wali says. But after only a few minutes, a seemingly harmless prayer tutorial video appears. , in which extremism researcher Wali meets a popular actor from the Salafist scene.
Islamic actors target the youth
This is no coincidence, because Islamic influencers are consciously using the Middle East conflict to direct radical propaganda to the youth. Even the "Muslim Interactive" group, which is followed by the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order, demanded the caliphate in the spring demonstrations in Hamburg. It appears on the Internet with propaganda videos, reminiscent of video clips. "It's these elements of pop and hip-hop, that very catchy way, adapted to the language of youth," says the researcher of extremism. Wali complains that schools lack this kind of media literacy: "What it should be, for for example, together with people who have more experience in media pedagogy, review those videos (...) and discuss them critically as well as discuss them together."
"Democracy must be learned constantly"
The German states declare in the Vollbild survey that they take seriously the issue of media education in schools. Disagreements exist only over the question of whether a separate school subject dealing with media literacy is needed. While Hesse plans to consolidate this as a separate subject, the Saxon Ministry of Education considers it "impractical".
The State Secretary in the Ministry of Education of Baden-Württemberg, Sandra Boser (B'90/Greens), sees the fight against the radicalization of young people as a duty for the whole society. The school plays a key role, but it cannot solve all problems by itself: "The school certainly cannot do everything. Our associations play as important a role as the school, as well as the parents' home. Because democracy must to be constantly taught." /DW
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