Significant increase in cancer among young people/ Preventive measures

2024-04-19 09:11:00, Shëndeti CNA

Significant increase in cancer among young people/ Preventive measures

Illustrative photo

New cases of cancer among young people have increased significantly.

In the United States, the American Cancer Society reported that the demographics of cancer patients are increasingly shifting from older individuals to middle-aged people. While adults over 50 experienced a decline in overall cancer incidence from 1995 to 2020, there was a marked increase in people younger than 50.

Why are young people getting cancer at higher rates? Does this mean people should start cancer screening at younger ages? Who should be more concerned? And what preventive measures should young people take into account?

To help with these questions, CNN conducted an interview with Dr. Leana Wen, who is an emergency physician and associate professor at George Washington University.

interview

CNN: What are the deadliest cancers in young people?

The early-onset cancers that cause the greatest number and burden of death globally are breast cancer; cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs; and stomach and colorectal cancers, according to a 2023 study published in the journal BMJ Oncology.

These are similar statistics for the elderly population. In the United States, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer are the four leading causes of cancer death.

CNN: Should people start cancer screening at younger ages?

This is a complex question that I think is best answered by looking at population versus individual recommendations. Guidelines from major medical organizations and federal policymaking bodies are based on what is recommended for people at average risk. Most people should follow these guidelines.

For example, in the United States, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that people begin colon cancer screenings at age 45. The task force also issued a draft recommendation that women begin mammograms at age 40. Both revisions represent changes to the guidelines. Before 2021, people were advised to start colon cancer screenings at age 50. The mammogram change was only proposed last year and has not been finalized. Prior to this recommendation, the guideline was for most women to begin mammography at age 50.

People who are at average risk should follow existing guidelines. This is one reason they should make sure they have an annual checkup with their doctor or other primary care provider. It's time to review all the tests they need to do, which include cancer screenings.

CNN: Should everyone talk to their doctor every year about cancer screenings?

Yes, and they should make sure they get the screenings that are recommended. According to the American Cancer Society, one in three people who are eligible for colon cancer screenings have never received a screening exam. And up to 59% of women skip their annual mammogram, according to some surveys.

But the startling statistics on the rise of cancer in young people should be a call to action. Many cancers are asymptomatic in the early stages. This is why screening is needed: to detect these cancers before they spread. Treatment can be curative if the cancer is detected early.

CNN: What else would you recommend to young people?

It is essential that people know their risks. In particular, they need to know what their family history is and whether they have other medical conditions or lifestyle factors that increase their risk of early cancer.

Everyone should try to find out their family history of cancer. Are there any first degree relatives who have had cancer? Know their medical history and ask their doctor if a certain condition may increase their risk of cancer. Also, be sure to mention all lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and physical activity.

CNN: Are there steps young people can take to reduce their risk of cancer?

Yes. Smoking and drinking alcohol are the main risk factors. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake are important steps. Just a minute or two of vigorous exercise a day can reduce cancer risk, as can ultra-processed food. It's also important to note that these lifestyle changes not only reduce the risk of cancer, but are the same ones that reduce the likelihood of heart disease and premature death./ CNA